ġ,25OH2D stimulates intestinal calcium absorption and regulates this function in a wide number of other tissues. Circulating 25OHD is the major circulating form of vitamin D and is considered as the primary indicator of vitamin D status. Vitamin D that comes from the skin or diet is biologically inert and must be first hydroxylated in the liver (25OHD), with a further hydroxylation in the kidney (1,25OH2D) to be biologically active. Vitamin D3 is the main source of vitamin D for humans. It comes in two forms: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) present in plants and specific types of fish and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), synthesized in the skin by 7-dehydrocholesterol through UV radiation. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with multiple actions on most tissues in the body. The present study shows a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in newborns with significant differences observed to be due to ethnicity, skin colour and maternal supplementation during the pregnancy. In neonatal serum, 25OHD levels were higher in Italian infants only when compared with North African infants (p < 0.03). In cord blood, 25OHD levels were higher in Italian newborns than in North African (p < 0.004) and African (p < 0.01). Newborn FS showed higher vitamin D levels in cord blood when compared to LOB and MBB (p < 0.01), and higher levels in neonatal serum when compared to LOB (p < 0.01). 25OHD values were higher in cord blood (p < 0.01) and neonatal serum (p < 0.001) in subjects supplemented with Vitamin D. ResultsĢ5OHD levels were (mean ± SD) 21.4 ± 11 ng/ml in cord blood and 14.9 ± 7 ng/ml in serum after birth. Vitamin D was measured in the cord blood at birth and in neonatal serum during metabolic screening. Thirty two were born from Italian mothers with fair skin (FS) and 30 from non-Caucasian mothers (North African, African, Asian and Latin American): 10 with light olive/light brown (LOB) and 20 with medium brown/black skin (MBB). We randomly enrolled 62 neonates, born at term and appropriate for gestational age. The aim of the study is to understand the differences in 25OHD levels with respect to skin colour and ethnicity in newborns. Limited data are available for the neonatal age. A deficiency in vitamin D (25OHD) is common throughout the world in both adults and children, being related to skin pigmentation, sun exposure, dietary intake and obesity.
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